1. Present TensePresent TenseIn English, Present Tense (Simple Present Tense) or used to express the event or events, activities, events and so forth that happened today. Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or something that happens over and over again the days NOW. Remember, the present means it is now.
Positive: S + V1 (s/es)
Negative: S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
Intrograttive: DO/DOES + S + V1
Present Continuous TensePresent Continuous Tense is used to declare, say something that is happening today, is going on right now.
Positive: S + Tobe + Ving
Negative: S + Tobe+ Not+ Ving
Introgrative: Tobe + S + Ving
2. ExamplesA. Present Tense (+) I sing a song
(-) I don't sing a song
(?) Do you sing a song?
B. Present Continuous Tense (+) She is reading a book
(-) She is not reading a book
(?) Is she reading a book?
3. Personal PronounsPersonal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:
* number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
* person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
* gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
* case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)
We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.
Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:
number person gender personal pronounssingular : 1st male/female I me
2nd male/female you you
3rd male he him
female she her
neuter it it
plural : 1st male/female we us
2nd male/female you you
3rd male/female/ they them
neuter
Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):
* I like coffee.
* John helped me.
* Do you like coffee?
* John loves you.
* He runs fast.
* Did Ram beat him?
* She is clever.
* Does Mary know her?
* It doesn't work.
* Can the engineer repair it?
* We went home.
* Anthony drove us.
* Do you need a table for three?
* Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
* They played doubles.
* John and Mary beat them.
4.Possesive AdjectivesDefinition: Possesive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession. The possessive adjectives are:
Subject pronoun | Possessive adjective
I | my
you | your
he | his
she | her
it | its
we | our
they | their
For example:
* That's my folder.
* " My" is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.
Notes:
A possessive adjective is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase.
For example:
* I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook.
* In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies the noun "assignment".
* What is your phone number?
* Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify the noun phrase "phone number"
* The cat chased its ball down the stairs and into the backyard.
* In this sentence, the possessive adjective "its" modifies "ball".
5. Demonstrative PronounsDemonstrative pronouns are pronouns that point to specific things. "This, that, these, those, none and neither" are Demonstrative Pronouns that substitute nouns when the nouns they replace can be understood from the context. At the same time, to indicate whether they are close or far, in space or time, from the speaker in the moment of speaking. They also indicate whether they are replacing singular or plural words. Some grammars describe them as members of the class of function words called "determiners", since they identify nouns and other nominals.
* "This" (singular) and "These" (plural) refer to an object or person NEAR the speaker.
* "That" (singular) and "Those" (plural) refer to an object or person further AWAY.
For example:
* This is unbelievable.
* In this example, "this" can refer to an object or situation close in space or in time to the speaker.
* That is unbelievable.
* In this example, "that" can refer to an object or situation farther in space or in time to the speaker.
* These are unbelievable.
* In this example, "these" can refer to some objects close in space or in time to the speaker.
* Those are unbelievable.
* In this example, "those" can refer to some objects farther in space or in time to the speaker.
Position
* Before the noun.
* Before the word 'one'.
* Before an adjective + noun.
* Alone when the noun is 'understood'
Examples
* Who owns that house? (distant - physical )
* Is this John's house? (near - physical )
* That's nothing to do with me.. (distant - psychological )
* This is a nice surprise! (near - psychological )
_Part 1 END_thanks to :
http://google.com
http://englishclub.com
http://englishlanguageguide.com
